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Keynote Lectures

Deeply Subwavelength Layered Metamaterials: From Hyperbolic Dispersion Metasurfaces to Fano Resonance Optical Coatings
Giuseppe Strangi, Case Western Reserve University, USA, and CNR-NANOTEC, University of Calabria, Italy, Italy

Dielectric Nanophotonics for Reconfigurable Planar Optics and Biosensing
Romain Quidant, ETH Zürich, Switzerland, Switzerland

Electro-Optic Metal-Oxides for Miniaturised Telecom and Sensing Devices
Rachel Grange, ETH Zurich, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Optical Nanomaterial Group, Switzerland, Switzerland

Topological Plasmonics: Ultrafast Vector Movies of Plasmonic Skyrmions on the Nanoscale
Harald Giessen, 4. Physikalisches Institut, University of Stuttgart, Germany, Germany

Deeply Subwavelength Layered Metamaterials: From Hyperbolic Dispersion Metasurfaces to Fano Resonance Optical Coatings

Giuseppe Strangi
Case Western Reserve University, USA, and CNR-NANOTEC, University of Calabria, Italy

Brief Bio
Giuseppe Strangi (http://physics.case.edu/faculty/giuseppe-strangi/) is a Professor of Physics and an Ohio Research Scholar in Advanced Materials Surfaces at Case Western Reserve University, where he also leads the Nanoplasm Labs (https://nanoplasmlab.com/). In addition, he serves as a Senior Scientist at the National Research Council (CNR) in Italy. Strangi is the President of the Scientific Committee for the "Con il Cuore" Foundation, which supports cancer research across Europe, and he is the General Chair of the NANOPLASM International Conference, dedicated to exploring new frontiers in plasmonics and nanophotonics. His research spans condensed matter physics, nanophotonics, plasmonics, and cancer nanotechnology. Strangi is a Fellow of Optica (formerly the Optical Society of America), as well as the Institute for the Science of Origins and the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center at CWRU.

Abstract

In recent years a wide interest has been spurred by the inverse design of artificial layered heterostructures for nano-biophotonic applications. In particular, the extreme optical properties of artificial hyperbolic dispersion nanomaterials allowed to access new physical effects and mechanisms. The unbound isofrequency surfaces of hyperbolic metamaterials and metasurfaces allow to access virtually infinite photonic density of states, ultrahigh confinement of electromagnetic fields and anomalous wave propagation. Similarly, by layering metal-dielectric thin films is possible to obtain a type of optical coatings that exhibit photonic Fano resonance, or a Fano-resonant optical coating (FROC). We expand the coupled mechanical oscillator description of Fano resonance to thin-film nanocavities. We observed that semi-transparent FROCs can transmit and reflect the same color as a beam splitter filter, a property that cannot be realized through conventional optical coatings. Here, we present the physics of different deeply subwavelength layered heterostructures and how they allow to control light-matter interaction at the single nanometer scale, including within living systems.

REFERENCES
[1] K. V. Sreekanth, Antonio De Luca & Giuseppe Strangi "Experimental demonstration of surface and bulk plasmon polaritons in hypergratings” Scientific Reports 3, 03291 (2013)
[2] K. V. Sreekanth, Y. Alapan, M. ElKabbash, U. A. Gurkan, E. Ilker, M. Hinczevski, A. De Luca and G. Strangi Nature Materials 15, 4 4609 (2016)
[3] ElKabbash, M., Letsou, T., Jalil, S.A. Hoffman N., Lininger A., Hinczewski M. et.al & G. Strangi. “Fano-resonant ultrathin film optical coatings”. Nature Nanotechnology (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-00841-9

Dielectric Nanophotonics for Reconfigurable Planar Optics and Biosensing

Romain Quidant
ETH Zürich, Switzerland

Brief Bio
Quidant received a PhD in Physics (2002) from the University of Dijon, in France. Right after defending his thesis, he joined ICFO as a postdoctoral researcher. This was the year of its creation and he got actively involved into the early developments of the Institute. In 2006, he was appointed junior Professor (tenure-track) and group leader of the Plasmon NanoOptics group at ICFO. In 2009, he became tenure Professor both at ICFO and ICREA (Catalan Institution for Research). After nearly 18 years at ICFO, in June 2020, he joined the Mechanical and Process Engineering department (D-MAVT) at ETH Zurich. Quidant is recipient of 5 ERC grants (StG2010, PoC2011, PoC2015, CoG2015 and SyG2021) and several international and national prizes (Fresnel2009, City of Barcelona 2010, International Commission for Optics 2012, National research Prize 2014, Banc Sabadell 2017). He also serves as the executive editor of ACSPhotonics (American Chemical Society).The research of the Quidant’s group focuses on nano-optics, at the interface between Photonics and Nanotechnology. His team uexploits the unique optical properties of nanostructures as an enabling toolbox to design solutions to scientific and technological challenges, in a wide set of disciplines, from fundamental physics to biotechnology and medicine. This makes his research highly interdisciplinary and involved in both basic and applied research. The most fundamental part of its work is mainly directed towards enhanced light/matter interaction and optomechanics. From a more applied viewpoint, his team investigates news strategies to control light and heat at the nanometer scale for biomedical applications, including lab-on-a-chip technology and targeted hyperthermia and for reconfigurable planar optics.

Abstract

In this talk, we present our recent advances in the development of novel nanophotonic platforms for both imaging and biosensing. In the first part, we introduce our most recent advances in the development of reconfigurable metalenses, focusing on two original technologies. The first technology is based on the thermo-optical effect. Our approach relies on dynamically controlling the distribution of refractive index in the close vicinity of a silicon metalens by means of an engineered micro-resistor embedded in a thermo-optical polymer. We demonstrate precise tuneability of the focal length with 100ms response time, and achieve focal length variations larger than the depth of focus, for voltages as low as 10V. When combined with machine learning, this approach additionally enables to go beyond a simple lens and create complex phase fronts. Our second approach to reconfigurability relies on an optomechanical control. Upon illumination with a control beam, the meta-atoms forming the lens mechanically rearranges inducing a change of focus.

In the second part of the talk, we discuss the use of dielectric nanoresonators for biosensing and lab-on-a-chip technology. In our approach, Si nanoresonators are integrated into a state-of-the-art PDMS microfluidic environment. We first demonstrate that arrays of Si nanocylinders can be used for the specific detection of cancer markers in human serum with sensitivity levels comparable to the one obtained with gold nanoantennas. We also show how dielectric nanoresonators can benefit chiral molecular sensing, demonstrating enantio-selective differentiation with improved performance over plasmonics. Finally, we discuss different novel directions toward improved sensing performance and detection of emerging biomarkers.

Electro-Optic Metal-Oxides for Miniaturised Telecom and Sensing Devices

Rachel Grange
ETH Zurich, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Optical Nanomaterial Group, Switzerland

Brief Bio
Since 2021, Rachel Grange is an associate professor in integrated optics and nanophotonics in the Department of Physics at ETH Zurich. She has been assistant professor at ETH Zurich since 2015. From 2011 to 2014, she was junior group leader at the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena, Germany. Her research covers top-down and bottom-up fabricated nanostructures with metal-oxides.

Abstract

Nonlinear and electro-optic devices are present in our daily life with many applications: light sources for microsurgery, green laser pointers, or modulators for telecommunication. Most of them use bulk materials such as glass fibres or high-quality crystals, hardly integrable or scalable due to low signal and difficult fabrication. Generating nonlinear or electro-optic effects from materials at the nanoscale can expand the applications to biology and optoelectronics. However, the efficiency of nanostructures is low due to their small volumes.

Here I will show several strategies to enhance optical signals by engineering metal-oxides at the nanoscale with the goal of developing nonlinear and electro-optic photonics devices for a broad spectral range. We use metal-oxides such as barium titanate (BTO) and lithium niobate (LNO) as an alternative platform for nanoscale nonlinear photonics. Recently, we focused on bottom-up assemblies of BTO nanoparticles to obtain electro-optic metasurfaces and quasi phase matching effects (Fig.1).

The field of metal-oxides at the nanoscale has a huge potential of applications in nanophotonics, integrated optics and telecommunication.

Fig. 1: Schematic view of an assembly of BTO nanoparticles for Mie driven random quasi-phase-matching. (Savo et al. Nature Photonics 14, 740, 2020).

Topological Plasmonics: Ultrafast Vector Movies of Plasmonic Skyrmions on the Nanoscale

Harald Giessen
4. Physikalisches Institut, University of Stuttgart, Germany

Brief Bio
Harald Giessen (*1966) graduated from Kaiserslautern University with a diploma in Physics and obtained his M.S. and Ph.D. in Optical Sciences from the University of Arizona in 1995 as J.W. Fulbright scholar. After a postdoc at the Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research in Stuttgart he moved to Marburg as assistant professor. From 2001-2004, he was associate professor at the University of Bonn. Since 2005, he is full professor and holds the Chair for Ultrafast Nanooptics in the Department of Physics at the University of Stuttgart. He is also co-chair of the Stuttgart Center of Photonics Engineering, SCoPE. He was guest researcher at the University of Cambridge, and guest professor at the University of Innsbruck and the University of Sydney, at A*Star, Singapore, as well as at Beijing University of Technology. He is associated researcher at the Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies at Nanyang Technical University, Singapore. He received an ERC Advanced Grant in 2012 for his work on complex nanoplasmonics. He was co-chair (2014) and chair (2016) of the Gordon Conference on Plasmonics and Nanophotonics. He was general chair of the conference Photonics Europe (Strasbourg 2018) and is co-chair of the biannual conference NanoMeta in Seefeld, Austria. He is on the advisory board of the journals "Advanced Optical Materials", "Nanophotonics: The Journal", "ACS Photonics", "ACS Sensors", and "Advanced Photonics". He is a topical editor for ultrafast nanooptics, plasmonics, and ultrafast lasers and pulse generation of the journal "Light: Science & Applications" of Nature Publishing Group. He is a Fellow of the Optical Society of America. In 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021, he was named „Highly Cited Researcher“ (top 1%) by the Institute of Scientific Information. In 2021, he was elected as a Full Member into the Honor Society Sigma Xi. In 2021, he was awarded the Gips-Schüle Research Prize for his pioneering work on 3D printed microoptics. His research interests include Ultrafast Nano-Optics, Plasmonics, Metamaterials, 3D Printed Micro- and Nano-Optics, Medical Micro-Optics, Miniature Endoscopy, Novel mid-IR Ultrafast Laser Sources, Applications in Microscopy, Biology, and Sensing.

Abstract

We present an ultrafast vector microscope with 10 nm spatial and subfemtosecond temporal resolution which is capable of mapping all three vector components of the electric field as well as the magnetic field of light on nanophotonic structures. As first application, we record and analyze the temporal evolution of plasmonic skyrmions and the skyrmion number on a nanostructured gold surface.

REFERENCES
Ultrafast vector imaging of plasmonic skyrmion dynamics with deep subwavelength resolution. T. Davis, D. Janoschka, P. Dreher, B. Frank, F. Meyer zu Heringdorf and H. Giessen. Science 368, eaba6415 (2020).

Revealing the subfemtosecond dynamics of orbital angular momentum in nanoplasmonic vortices. G. Spektor, D. Kilbane, A. Mahro, B. Frank, S. Ristok, L. Gal, P. Kahl, D. Podbiel, S. Mathias, H. Giessen, F. Meyer zu Heringdorf, M. Orenstein and M. Aeschlimann. Science 355, 1187 (2017).